The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at the (BKPSDM) Office of Penajam Paser Utara Regency

Tjatur Ariyanti; Muliyadi  Hamid; Habib Muhammad  Shahib

doi:10.71435/738121

Authors

Tjatur Ariyanti Program Magister Manajemen Fakultas Pascasarjana Universitas Fajar Makassar
Muliyadi Hamid Universitas Fajar Makassar
Habib Muhammad Shahib Universitas Fajar Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71435/738121

Keywords:

Transformational Leadership Style, Work Motivation, Employee Performance, BKPSDM

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and examine the influence of transformational leadership style and work motivation, both partially and simultaneously, on employee performance at the Office of Personnel and Human Resources Development (BKPSDM) of Penajam Paser Utara Regency. The urgency of this research is based on the strategic role of BKPSDM of Penajam Paser Utara as the agency responsible for managing the state apparatus in the buffer zone of the New Capital City of Indonesia (IKN). To address the research objectives, this study adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 46 employees as respondents. The data analysis process was conducted using multiple linear regression methods, using SPSS statistical software to process and interpret the findings through validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing (t-test and F-test). The results indicate that, partially, transformational leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Similarly, work motivation was found to have a positive and significant effect, emerging as the most dominant variable influencing performance within BKPSDM of Penajam Paser Utara. Simultaneously, both variables were proven to have a significant effect on employee performance with a high F-statistic value. Consequently, enhancing employee performance at BKPSDM of Penajam Paser Utara Regency can be optimized by strengthening inspirational leadership patterns and maintaining sustainable employee work motivation to address the dynamics of future bureaucratic transitions.

References

Akerele, O. O. (2023). The link between motivation and organizational performance: An exploration of factors influencing employee motivation and its impact on organizational success. International Journal of Business Ethics and Governance, 6(1).

Alamri, M. (2023). Transformational leadership and work engagement in public organizations: promotion focus and public service motivation, how and when the effect occurs. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 44(1), 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2021-0544

Bashori, B., Yusup, M., & Khan, R. (2022). From vision to reality: A holistic examination of transformational leadership as a catalyst for cultivating organizational culture in Pesantren. Development: Studies in Educational Management and Leadership, 1(2), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.47766/development.v1i1.486

Bwalya, A. (2023). Leadership styles. Global Scientific Journal, 11(8).

Cheng, J., Li, K., & Cao, T. (2023). How transformational leaders promote employees’ feedback-seeking behaviors: the role of intrinsic motivation and its boundary conditions. Sustainability, 15(22), 15713. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215713

Dinc, M. S., Zaim, H., Hassanin, M., & Alzoubi, Y. I. (2022). The effects of transformational leadership on perceived organizational support and organizational identity. Human Systems Management, 41(6), 699-716. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-211563

Fardiansyah, I. E., Jumady, E., & Djaharuddin, D. (2025). Leadership and organizational commitment in improving employee performance: The role of job satisfaction as a mediator. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 5(1), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v5i1.862

Gašić, D., Berber, N., Slavić, A., Strugar Jelača, M., Marić, S., Bjekić, R., & Aleksić, M. (2024). The key role of employee commitment in the relationship between flexible work arrangements and employee behavior. Sustainability, 16(22), 10067. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210067

Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i1.160

Hemsworth, D., Muterera, J., Khorakian, A., & Garcia-Rivera, B. R. (2026). Exploring the theory of employee planned behavior: job satisfaction as a key to organizational performance. Psychological Reports, 129(2), 1584-1615. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241252784

Ilyas-Umoru, O. (2025). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRITY AND PUBLIC TRUST AMONG UNIVERSITIES’ACADEMIC STAFF IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA. BSU Journal of Education, 25(2), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.60787/bsuje.vol25no2.29

Khan, I. U., Amin, R. U., & Saif, N. (2025). Individualized consideration and idealized influence of transformational leadership: Mediating role of inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 28(6), 1322-1332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2022.2076286

Liu, C., Ahmad, N., Jiang, M., & Arshad, M. Z. (2024). Steering the path to safer food: The role of transformational leadership in food services to combat against foodborne illness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 81, 103958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103958

Maile, K. V., & Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2022). Organisational ethics management to promote good governance in the South African public service.

Makhaye, A., & Subban, M. (2024). Leading Local Economic Development in the ‘New’Normal: Urban and Rural Challenges in the Case of a District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal of Governance and Development, 13(1), 110-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00516-3

Michaud, K., Barbeau-Julien, K., & Slinger, M. (2025). Transformational leadership, well-being, morale, and readiness: The mediating role of empowerment. Military Psychology, 37(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2024.2319522

Milhem, M., Ateeq, A., Alaghbari, M. A., Alzoraiki, M., & Beshr, B. A. H. (2024, January). Strategic leadership: driving human resource performance in the modern workplace. In 2024 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS) (pp. 1958-1962). IEEE.

Mpe, S. (2024). An evaluation of the impact of transactional leadership style in motivating employees at a construction site in Cape Town (Doctoral dissertation, Cape Peninsula University of Technology).

Muhammad Sharif, A. N. (2024). Refining Individualized Consideration: Distinguishing Developmental Leadership and Supportive Leadership.

Mujahidin, M., & Kusuma, F. K. (2025). Redesigning Bureaucracy as a Governmental Strategy for Enhancing Public Service Effectiveness. Society, 13(1), 803-817. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v13i1.766

Nguyen, T. P. L., Nguyen, T. T., Duong, C. D., & Doan, X. H. (2022). The effects of transformational leadership on employee creativity in Vietnam telecommunications enterprises. Management decision, 60(3), 837-857. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2020-0882

Osei, P. C., & Bjorklund, D. F. (2024). Motivating the learning process: integrating self-determination theory into a dynamical systems framework. Educational Psychology Review, 36(3), 89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09934-6

Pabelona, R. B. (2025). Transformational, Transactional, Democratic, and Situational: Leadership Styles of Academic Program Leaders. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (CJMS).

Patyka, N., Sokolova, A., Movchaniuk, A., Sysoieva, I., & Khirivskyi, R. (2023). Ukraine’s rural areas in the conditions of decentralization and local self-government reform: challenges and prospects. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2023.09.03.12

Pitichat, T., & Riggio, R. E. (2025). Transformational leadership theory.

Ritz, A., Schott, C., Nitzl, C., & Alfes, K. (2023). Public service motivation and prosocial motivation: two sides of the same coin?. In Public Service Motivation (pp. 26-50). Routledge.

Sahid, A., Amirullah, I., Khaeriyah, K., Natsir, N., & Syafaruddin, S. (2023). Transformational leadership in organizational change. International Journal of Economics and Management Research, 2(2), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v2i2.110

Soeardi, E. K., Ilhami, R., & Achmad, W. (2023). The role of leadership in the development of public organizations. Journal of Governance, 7(4), 877-884. http://dx.doi.org/10.31506/jog.v7i4.17903

Sohel, M. S., Ehsan, S. M. A., Zaman, N. T., Hossain, B., Shi, G., Sarker, M. N. I., & Ali, H. M. (2022). Understanding rural local government response during COVID-19-induced lockdown: Perspective from Bangladesh. SN Social Sciences, 2(10), 216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00516-3

Subramani, N. R. (2025). Transformational leadership and its impact on organizational commitment during change management. International Journal of Health Technology and Innovation, 4(01), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.60142/ijhti.v4i01.13

Swan, W. (2023). Transactional leadership. In Global encyclopedia of public administration, public policy, and governance (pp. 12834-12837). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Tamimi, M., & Sopiah, S. (2022). The The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Performance: A Systematic Literature Review: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Management, 1(2), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.54099/ijebm.v1i2.360

Tripathi, R., & Kumar, A. (2025). From Bureaucracy to Agility: Tracing the Changing Paradigms of Good Governance in the 21st Century. Productivity, 66(3).

Vu, G. T. H., Nguyen, T. D., & Le, T. P. (2025). Transformational leadership and innovative work behaviors: The mediating effects of psychological empowerment and work engagement. Sage Open, 15(2), 21582440251335464. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251335464

Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2022). Organisational ethics management to combat corruption in the South African public sector. https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).14-22.2022

Widodo, D. S. (2022). Employee Performance Determination: Leadership Style, Individual Characteristics, And Work Culture (A Study Of Human Resource Management Literature). Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 3(3), 327-339. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijemss.v3i3

Wuryaningrat, N. F., Hidayat, N., & Kumajas, M. L. (2024). The impact of transformational and transactional leadership on employee performance. Klabat Journal of Management, 5(2), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.60090/kjm.v5i2.1116.103-113

Zamzani, R., & Kurniati, R. R. (2025). Bureaucratic transformation in realizing responsive and accountable public services. Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik (JISoP), 7(2), 219-228. https://doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v7i2.24479