Assessing the Effectiveness of Vaccination Programs in Reducing Childhood Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71435/595705Keywords:
Vaccination Programs, Childhood Diseases, Vaccine CoverageAbstract
This study analyzed data gathered from healthcare professionals, parents, and existing health records through questionnaires to objectively evaluate the impact of immunization programs in lowering childhood illnesses. Measles (95.0%), polio (93.5%), diphtheria (91.0%), pertussis (89.5%), and hepatitis B (90.0%) vaccination rates were all high. These illnesses were also found to have low incidence rates, with measles and polio having the lowest rates (0.5 and 0.1 per 1,000, respectively). The effectiveness of vaccination has been found to be influenced by a number of factors, including healthcare accessibility, socioeconomic position, vaccine awareness, perceived vaccine safety, and community engagement. Despite the study's general success, there is always room for improvement, especially in terms of addressing socioeconomic hurdles and preserving pertussis coverage. These results are consistent with previous research and emphasize the necessity for ongoing immunization campaigns, booster shots, and focused community involvement initiatives to improve the efficacy of immunization programs and safeguard children's health throughout the world.
References
Anderson, R. M., Vegvari, C., Truscott, J., & Collyer, B. S. (2020). Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination. The Lancet, 396(10263), 1614-1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/
Arthi, V., & Parman, J. (2021). Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19. Explorations in Economic History, 79, 101381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381
Ashby, B., & Best, A. (2021). Herd immunity. Current biology, 31(4), R174-R177.
Choi, J. H., Correia de Sousa, J., Fletcher, M., Gabutti, G., Harrington, L., Holden, M., ... & Maggi, S. (2022). Improving vaccination rates in older adults and at-risk groups: focus on pertussis. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-02018-3
Decouttere, C., De Boeck, K., & Vandaele, N. (2021). Advancing sustainable development goals through immunization: a literature review. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00745-w
Dong, M., He, F., & Deng, Y. (2021). How to understand herd immunity in the context of COVID-19. Viral immunology, 34(3), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2020.0195
Ghattas, M., Dwivedi, G., Lavertu, M., & Alameh, M. G. (2021). Vaccine technologies and platforms for infectious diseases: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities. Vaccines, 9(12), 1490. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121490
Hall, V. J., Foulkes, S., Saei, A., Andrews, N., Oguti, B., Charlett, A., ... & Cowley, A. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine coverage in health-care workers in England and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against infection (SIREN): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. The Lancet, 397(10286), 1725-1735. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.13.21249642
Hao, R., Liu, Y., Shen, W., Zhao, R., Jiang, B., Song, H., ... & Ma, H. (2022). Surveillance of emerging infectious diseases for biosecurity. Science China Life Sciences, 65(8), 1504-1516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-021-2071-x
Hwang, J. (2020). Health information sources and the influenza vaccination: The mediating roles of perceived vaccine efficacy and safety. Journal of Health Communication, 25(9), 727-735. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2020.1840675
Kazibwe, J., Tran, P. B., & Annerstedt, K. S. (2021). The household financial burden of non-communicable diseases in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Health research policy and systems, 19(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00732-y
Lewnard, J. A., Patel, M. M., Jewell, N. P., Verani, J. R., Kobayashi, M., Tenforde, M. W., ... & Lopman, B. A. (2021). Theoretical framework for retrospective studies of the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Epidemiology, 32(4), 508-517. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001366
McDermott, A. (2021). Herd immunity is an important—and often misunderstood—public health phenomenon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(21), e2107692118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107692118
McIntyre, P., & Walls, T. (2020). Global public health impact of vaccines in children. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.64
McMaughan, D. J., Oloruntoba, O., & Smith, M. L. (2020). Socioeconomic status and access to healthcare: interrelated drivers for healthy aging. Frontiers in public health, 8, 231. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00231
Mitiku, A. D., Argaw, M. D., Desta, B. F., Tsegaye, Z. T., Atsa, A. A., Tefera, B. B., ... & Muloiwa, R. (2020). Pertussis outbreak in southern Ethiopia: challenges of detection, management, and response. BMC public health, 20, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09303-2
Nayir, T., Nazlican, E., Şahin, M., Kara, F., & Meşe, E. A. (2020). Effects of immunization program on morbidity and mortality rates ofvaccine-preventable diseases in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(8), 1909-1915. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2008-177
Ogilvie, D., Adams, J., Bauman, A., Gregg, E. W., Panter, J., Siegel, K. R., ... & White, M. (2020). Using natural experimental studies to guide public health action: turning the evidence-based medicine paradigm on its head. J Epidemiol Community Health, 74(2), 203-208. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213085
Osborne, C., Mayo, L., & Bussey, M. (2021). New frontiers in local government community engagement: Towards transformative place-based futures. Futures, 131, 102768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102768
Pilishvili, T., Gierke, R., Fleming-Dutra, K. E., Farrar, J. L., Mohr, N. M., Talan, D. A., ... & Schrag, S. J. (2021). Effectiveness of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine among US health care personnel. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(25), e90. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2106599
Plans-Rubió, P. (2022). Percentages of vaccination coverage required to establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines, 10(5), 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030256
Rappuoli, R., & Vozza, L. (2022). Vaccines in the global era: how to deal safely and effectively with the pandemics of our time. World Scientific.
Schleiff, M., Olateju, A., Decker, E., Neel, A. H., Oke, R., Peters, M. A., ... & Alonge, O. (2020). A multi-pronged scoping review approach to understanding the evolving implementation of the Smallpox and Polio eradication programs: what can other Global Health initiatives learn?. BMC public health, 20, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09439-1
Tewarson, H., Greene, K., & Fraser, M. R. (2021). State strategies for addressing barriers during the early US COVID-19 vaccination campaign. American Journal of Public Health, 111(6), 1073-1077. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306241
Troiano, G., & Nardi, A. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public health, 194, 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
